QUICK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS FOR REFERENCE

K Ltd a manufacturing firm has been performing poorly in the recent past. Highlight four measures that they can take  to improve their profitability Improve on personnel management Locate the business where customers are many Manage finances properly Improve on public relations Being more creative and innovative Managing debts carefully Getting more capital to finance operations Should invest in more research to find out better production method Virus-free. www.avast.com

Benefits of youthful population to an economy. Provide large and cheap labour force Market for products demanded by the youth Greater invention and innovation Provide a large tax base for the country Provides a more mobile labour force Virus-free. www.avast.com

Features of the oligopoly market structure Has few large sellers and many buyers. The firms are interdependent among themselves especially in their output and pricing. Non-price competition, firms are in a position to influence the prices. However, they try to avoid price competition for the fear of price war. There is barriers to entry of firms due to reasons such as; requirement of large capital, Ownership of production rights, control over crucial raw materials,  Restrictive practices etc High cost of selling through methods of advertisement due to severe competition. Products produced are either homogeneous or differentiated. Uncertain demand curve due to the inter-dependence among the firms. Hence the shifting of the demand curve is not definite. There is price rigidity i.e. once a price has been arrived at in an oligopolistic market, it ten

The essential elements of transport The way The unit of carriage Method of propulsion Terminals Virus-free. www.avast.com

Level of production that matches the following occupations Virus-free. www.avast.com

Assumptions in the circular flow of income in a two sector economy Existence of two sectors only. It is assumed that the economy has only two sectors that is households and firms. The households provide the factors of production while firms are involved in the production of goods and services. Total spending by households. It is assumed that the households spend all their income on the goods and services produced by the firms i.e. no savings. Total spending by the firms. It is assumed that the firms spend the money received from the sale of goods and services to pay for the rewards of production factors. Lack of government intervention. The government does not influence how the firms and households carry out their activities. Such interventions are in the form of taxes, price controls among others. Closed economy. Exports and imports

Define the following principles as used in insurance Indemnity During compensation, insurance aims to reinstate the insured back to the financial situation he/she was just before the risk occurred Utmost good faith When taking an insurance policy or making a claim, the insured is expected to disclose all material facts to the insurer. Subrogation Once the insured has been compensated appropriately, any other benefits that he/she may get will revert to the insurer. Contribution In case of double insurance, any compensation due to an insured will be paid by the insurers in an agreed proportion so as to conform to the principle of indemnity Virus-free. www.avast.com

Reasons why shelter is considered a basic want. Shelter protects us from wild animals. It prevents diseases. For purpose of privacy Provides space for relaxation and sleeping. Provides warmth to the body. Protects man against adverse weather conditions. For storage of basic wants. Virus-free. www.avast.com

Advantages of a public warehouse to a trader. A trader can get a short-term loan by using goods stored in the warehouse as security. Goods are stored against risks such as damage by fire. Traders do not incur the high initial cost of constructing their own warehouse. Trader can look for the market for goods while they are still in the warehouse. Virus-free. www.avast.com

Importance of entrepreneurship in an economy. Creation of employment to the owner and others Formation of capital from profits made and salaries and wages paid to workers Raising standards of living due to access to varieties of goods and services Encourages utilization of local resources that could have been left idle. Improving infrastructural facilities like roads, security etc Savings on imports Reducing foreign dominance of the economy Promotion of technology/promotion of innovation, research and development Promotion of entrepreneurial culture/helps in the creation of role models It contributes to government revenue It promotes economic growth It may promote self-actualization and esteem. Virus-free. www.avast.com

Ways in which internal business environment may affect business negatively. (4mks)        Poor business structure may lead confusion. Inadequate finances hampering resource acquisition. Poor business culture leading to wastage of time. Non-committal owner leading to poor management. Unskilled personnel leading to poor implementations of decisions. Lack of innovation and invention leading poor quality production Virus-free. www.avast.com

What is Environmental Hazards.    (2 marks) It is event in nature that poses danger to people and the other living organisms Virus-free. www.avast.com

Benefits of optimum soil temperature. Increase the rate of bio chemical reactions hence breakdown of materials to form organic matter i.e. for every 10oC rate doubles. Activates soil micro – organism especially the useful bacteria for nitrogen fixation, Ensures maximum activities for bio chemical enzymatic reactions that bring about growth e.g. germination process. Virus-free. www.avast.com

State 3 methods that Kenya can use to conserve her energy.  (3 marks) Control energy imported levels Encourage package transport for people working in some areas or residing in the same place Construct and maintain good road to ensure less fuel consumption e.g Mombasa highway, Thika Highway e.t.c. Encourage people to use energy saving jikos Encourage people to use renewable sources of energy e.g. solar in carrying out campaigns Virus-free. www.avast.com

State three recent developments that have taken place in Kenya to improve communication of information. (3 mks) Liberalization on the press Expansion of telephone facilities Introduction of mobile phones, pager services, e.t.c Liberalization of postal services Licensing of more private radio stations and television stations Virus-free. www.avast.com

Form 4 Geography students carried out field study on mineral found in the Rift Valley State three objectives of their study. (3 mks) To find out the minerals found in Rift Valley To find out the uses of minerals in the Rift To find out the problems miners are facing List down three problems they are likely to come across. (3 mks) Un conducive weather e.g. very cold, rainy, windy Attacked by wild animals e.g. reptiles Breakdown of the vehicle Some students may fall sick Language barrier Inaccessibility of some areas Hostile people Virus-free. www.avast.com

Explain the  three effects of over-dependence of petroleum on the economy of oil importing countries.   (6 marks) Higher expenditure/foreign exchange/ spends more on importation Higher production costs/hence higher prices of manufactured goods Closure of industries which are not able to meet the increased cost of production coupled with increase in transport cost Slowed industrial growth as most industries depend on petroleum Economic recession in these countries as oil is necessary for all sectors of production Virus-free. www.avast.com

Explain three problems facing telephone as a means of communication in Kenya. (6 mks) Poor reception or disruption of natural hazards like rainfall of the telephone lines therefore discourages the use of this facility Mismanagement in the organization that provides telephone services has hindered its expansion Vandaliation of telephone equipment has rendered most of telephone services Unavailable to users Development of other more faster and efficient means of communication e.g. electronic mail, has reduced the use of telephone High cost of installation and maintenance of telephone lines limit the number of subscribers Virus-free. www.avast.com

State four factors that are necessary for the occurrence of minerals. (4 mks) Availability of necessary minerals to make mineral for e.g. deposits of vegetation and animal matter are necessary for formation of coal Presence of high pressure and temperature conditions to compact the raw materials and heat to form minerals Time during which the materials have been exposed to great heat and pressure Geological processes determine the minerals distribution e.g. vulcanicity and folding Virus-free. www.avast.com

State three cause of floods.   (3 marks) Deforestation therefore cutting down of trees in catchment areas exposes soil to agents of erosion and at the same time reduces water percolation Cultivation along river banks Blocked urban drainage systems Collapse of a dam Rise in the sea level Virus-free. www.avast.com

Name four forms of which minerals occur. (4 mks) Veins and nodes Beds and seams Weathering products Alluvial/placer deposits Virus-free. www.avast.com

Identify three environmental hazards caused by human activities.    (3 marks) Pollution Desertification Soil erosion Epidemics Virus-free. www.avast.com

Give reasons why Kenya has not been fully able to exploit her geothermal potential.   (4 marks) Inadequate capital Low level of technology in the exploitation of geothermal power Inadequate areas are located in remote areas/sparsely populated areas far from markets Inadequate skilled man power to harvest geothermal power Danger of land subsidence as kinetic water is withdrawn Virus-free. www.avast.com

Apart from nuclear energy name three other non-renewable sources of energy.   (3 marks) Natural gases Coal Petroleum Virus-free. www.avast.com

State three factors that hinder development of nuclear energy in many countries.   (3 marks) It is very expensive to construct a nuclear reactor Waste from a nuclear power plant is highly reactive and life threatening therefore difficult to dispose In case of being faulty can result to disastrous accidents The raw materials uranium is very rare Virus-free. www.avast.com

Name two areas in Kenya prone to flooding. (2 mks) Kano plains Lower Tana River The Bundalagi areas in Busia district Virus-free. www.avast.com

State three ways in which open cast mining affect the environment. (3 mks) it causes land dereliction which causes the land to lose its natural beauty. it causes the loss of productivity when loose soils, deficient of nutrients are left which cannot support agriculture mining exposing the land to agents of erosion hence rendering the land unproductive it leads to loss of biodiversity it causes harm to people and organisms when they drown in deep ponds caused open cast Virus-free. www.avast.com

Explain four ways in which mining contribute to the economy of Kenya. (8 mks) Provides raw materials for manufacturing industries Stimulates the development of transport and communication Opens up the remote areas through development e.g. water supply for drinking, construction of schools and hospitals Promotes settlement leading to growth of towns e.g. Magadi Generates employment opportunities where people earn income Promotes agriculture by providing market Lead to set up of other related industries Virus-free. www.avast.com

Why soil is important to crops. Supports plant life anchorage. Provides nutrients and water Contains organic matter, food for micro – organism Virus-free. www.avast.com

Students from your school carried out a field study on a flood prone area in your country.    State four reasons why the working schedule is very important in their study.   (4 marks) To ensure proper time management and reduce tendency of time wastage To ensure no important area will be inadequately covered It ensures that the one carrying out field study is on course It is a pointer as to how much time will be required for the study It gives a step by step plan of activities for the day It is a plan or timetable to be followed List three methods of data collection they are likely to use. (3 marks) Observation Interviewing people settled near the flooded areas Taking photographs Sampling Virus-free. www.avast.com

Explain four ways of combating floods in Kenya.    (8 marks) Construction of dams Building of dykes and artificial levees A forestation and reforestation Dredging and directing channels Virus-free. www.avast.com

Enhanced by Atikaschool.org Study the sketch map of the great lakes – St. Lawrence Study the sketch map of the great lakes – St. Lawrence a) Name   i) The part marked N (1 mk)       Quebec ii) The waterfall marked M          Niagara Falls iii) The lakes marked I, J, K, L (4 mks) I    Lake Superior J     Lake Michigan K    Lake Huron L    Lake Ontario Explain five ways in which the great lake of St. Lawrence Seaway has contributed to the economy of Canada and USA. (10 mks) The seaway has created employment opportunities in transport industry thus raising the living standards of people The Seaway is tourist attraction which generates income in the region Tariffs charges earns the country income It provides easy navigable means of transport for both imports and exports. This encourages internal and international trade It has led to the gr

Give characteristics of plantation agriculture in Kenya (3 mks) Some plantations are foreign own e.g. Delmont Many crops take several years to mature There is heavy capital outlay There is scientific management Concentration on one crop e.g. tea, coffee Crops mainly grown on large estates e.g. more than four hectares Virus-free. www.avast.com

State three courses of urban rural migration. (3 mks) Retirement from job Transfer on job Insecurity in towns Education purposes/learning Retrenchment from one's job in town Religion Virus-free. www.avast.com

Give two reasons for rapid population growth in Kenya.. Improved nutrition hence balanced diet Improved medical facilities which has reduced mortality Some religions/Christian churches disapprove the use of artificial birth control methods Increases cases of early pregnancy in girls Provision of better social amenities Virus-free. www.avast.com

Possible reasons for the decline in the number of tourists since 1997 (4 mks) High degree of insecurity caused by 1997 Likoni clashes in Mombasa, a major tourist destination in the country. Tourist attack like in 1998 bombing in Nairobi and other attacks directed to tourist resorts The tense atmosphere preceding the parliamentary elections in 1997 Poor transport and communication after massive destruction caused by 1997 Elnino rains Negative travel advisory made by some governments cautioning their citizen against visiting Kenya Virus-free. www.avast.com

Definition of ecotourism This is tourism with emphasis on the conservation of the environment. Virus-free. www.avast.com

Steps that the Kenya government has taken to promote tourism in Kenya.  (5 mks) The government has provided transport and communication necessary for tourism to make the attraction sites accessible The Kenya government manages and conserves wildlife through establishment of national parks and games reserves The government has established the Ministry of Tourism which formulates and implements policies that ensure promotion of tourism in the country The government encourages local and foreign investors to invest in coastal hotels so as to attract more tourists Kenya has undertaken vigorous publicity campaigns abroad. She has promotion offices in major tourist sources of the world. The government has established a body which lends to and advises the investors in tourism industry i.e. the Kenya Tourism Development Cooperation (KTDC) The governm

​KCSE PAST PAPERS CHEMISTRY PAPER 1, 2 AND 3 QUESTIONS, ANSWERS-MARKING SCHEMES AND REPORTS ​KCSE PAST PAPERS 1995 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1, 2 AND 3 QUESTIONS, ANSWERS-MARKING SCHEMES AND REPORTS https://www.atikaschool.org/kcsepastpapersbysubject/kcse-past-papers-1995-chemistry-paper-1-2-and-3-questions-answers-marking-schemes-and-reports ​KCSE PAST PAPERS 1996 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1, 2 AND 3 QUESTIONS, ANSWERS-MARKING SCHEMES AND REPORTS https://www.atikaschool.org/kcsepastpapersbysubject/kcse-past-papers-1996-chemistry-paper-1-2-and-3-questions-answers-marking-schemes-and-reports ​KCSE PAST PAPERS 1997 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1, 2 AND 3 QUESTIONS, ANSWERS-MARKING SCHEMES AND REPORTS https://www.atikaschool.org/kcsepastpapersbysubject/kcse-past-papers-1997-chemistry-paper-1-2-and-3-questions-answers-marking-schemes-and-reports ​KCSE PAST PAPERS 1998 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1, 2 AND 3

Advantages of containerization include:   (4mks) Reduces incidences of pilferage and damage of goods since handling of goods is limited Loading and off-loading of goods is highly mechanized hence containerized goods are handled quickly thus saving time Containers carry big quantities of goods than if goods are stored on the floor of the ship thus saving space Because of the enhance security of the goods the insurance premiums are low Packing cost are minimized since goods are packed at the factory usually using conveyor belts. Special containers can be made to facilitate carriage of special goods -- Virus-free. www.avast.com

Benefits of matatu reforms   Less congestions Reductions in accidents Adequate insurance Passengers confidence and safety More revenue to the government Order in the terminals as illegal touts evacuated Less pollutions -- Virus-free. www.avast.com

Duties of commercial attachees.  (4mks)    Identifying markets for their countries products.                     Evaluating the performance of their country's products Advising traders on standards and legal requirements of products in foreign countries. Developing trade agreements between their countries and foreign countries. Organizing trade fairs and exhibitions for their country's products in foreign countries. -- Virus-free. www.avast.com

Characteristics of chain stores include:    (4mks) Made up several shops located in different places but all owned by one management Branches are coordinated from a head office The branches have similar outlooks The branches sell similar goods Their prices are standardized in all branches Buying of stock is done collectively for all branches The promotional activities are collectively done for all branches -- Virus-free. www.avast.com

Methods used by central bank to increase money supply Reducing bank rates Reducing liquidity ratio Buying government securities Reductions on compulsory deposits Opening credit to all sectors in the economy Directives to increase credit lending Moral persuasions to banks to increase credit lending -- Virus-free. www.avast.com

Advantages of a bonded warehouse to the importer.   (4mks) Helps importer to prepare goods for sale Secure goods against risks like theft Importer can look for market when good are still in the bonded warehouse Importer can look for money to pay custom duty. Burden of paying custom duty goes to the new buyer if goods sold while still in the bonded warehouse Quality of goods and wine improves fetching higher prices -- Virus-free. www.avast.com